Extreme heat poses significant risks to vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, newborns, and children. The framework highlights that 1.5 billion children globally are exposed to increasingly frequent, prolonged, and severe heatwaves. Health risks include preterm births, stillbirths, low birthweight, pregnancy-related hypertension, and increased child mortality. The framework also notes that extreme heat disrupts children's daily lives, including school attendance. Without adequate monitoring and response systems, health services may struggle to address the rising demand during heatwaves, leaving these vulnerable groups at greater risk.