Air pollution during Diwali can cause throat irritation, coughing, wheezing, and breathlessness. It may trigger asthma flare-ups and worsen symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fine particulate matter, such as PM2.5, penetrates deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and compromising respiratory function. Vulnerable groups, including children, older adults, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, are particularly at risk.