Smog contains harmful pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and toxic gases, which can cause respiratory illnesses, eye irritation, and exacerbate conditions like asthma and bronchitis. Vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions, are particularly at risk. Prolonged exposure to smog can lead to long-term health issues, making it crucial to take preventive measures during smog events.