The ongoing volcanic activity poses risks to nearby populations, including potential pyroclastic flows, ashfall, and lahars. In Indonesia, hazards extend up to 7 km from Merapi's summit. Costa Rica's Rincon de la Vieja may experience mudflows during heavy rainfall. Nevados de Chillán's activity has not yet impacted Argentine territory, but future events of higher energy levels cannot be ruled out. Sangay's ash emissions may affect air quality and visibility in surrounding areas.