Air pollution, especially during festivals, can exacerbate respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease. Long-term exposure to pollutants like PM2.5 can lead to inflammation and increase the risk of lung cancer, even among non-smokers. Vulnerable groups, including older adults and individuals with pre-existing conditions, are particularly at risk during periods of poor air quality.