Flash floods are typically caused by heavy rainfall over a short period, often from slow-moving or stationary thunderstorms. Other contributing factors include saturated soil, rapid snowmelt, or the failure of dams and levees. In coastal areas, storm surges from hurricanes or tropical storms can also lead to flash flooding. Climate change is exacerbating the frequency and intensity of these events by increasing the amount of moisture in the atmosphere, leading to heavier downpours.