El Niño's impacts are far-reaching. In the Pacific Northwest, drier winters could worsen existing drought conditions, while Southern states may face increased flooding risks due to heavier rainfall. Marine ecosystems are particularly vulnerable, with heat waves causing disruptions such as plankton declines, harmful algal blooms, and mass die-offs of marine life. Past events have led to economic losses in fisheries and unusual species sightings along the West Coast. Additionally, El Niño is linked to fewer hurricanes in the Atlantic but more in the Pacific, altering storm patterns globally.