Heat waves and droughts are causing widespread health and economic challenges, particularly in Southeast Asia and Africa. Heat exposure is reducing productivity and contributing to GDP losses globally. Water scarcity threatens crops, drinking water, and sanitation, exacerbated by the ongoing El Niño phenomenon. Fossil-fuel-related air pollution remains a major health risk, causing 2.7 million deaths annually. Vulnerable populations, especially in low-income regions, face the harshest consequences, with limited resources to adapt or recover.