The dust storms and associated air pollution primarily affect populations in the Indo-Gangetic Plains and the Himalayan Foothills. Health risks include respiratory ailments, skin irritations, and digestive issues caused by germs carried in the dust. Additionally, the pollution impacts plant health and ecosystems in the affected regions. The transboundary nature of the pollution complicates mitigation efforts, requiring international collaboration. Vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions, are at higher risk of adverse effects.