A recent study published in *Nature* explores the impact of extreme rainfall events on mortality rates in Brazil between 2003 and 2023. The research highlights a complex relationship where rainfall can both protect and endanger public health, depending on the region. Utilizing state-level conditional quasi-Poisson models, the study analyzed daily mortality data for all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, and infectious disease-related deaths. Significant variability was found among Brazilian states; some regions experienced protective effects from rainfall due to air pollutant washout and cooling, while others faced increased mortality risks from flooding, water contamination, and disrupted access to services.